Sampling is the process of selecting material to be tested. The process used for collecting test samples directly affects the conclusions that can be supported by the test results. Statisticians use the term “inference” to describe the extension of test results from a sample to a broader
Read more →Self-adhering underlayment is generally applied to the roof deck on the eaves, rakes, and valley areas of steep slope roofs and as flashing around roof penetrations. Self-adhering underlayments are installed on critical areas of the roof to minimize the likelihood of water penetrating the roofing system. In
Read more →The Asphalt Roofing Manufacturers Association (ARMA) has established the following recommendations for applying asphalt shingles and/or asphalt-based underlayment directly over insulation, insulated roof decks, and radiant barriers. Shingle Application Directly Over Insulation Applying shingles directly over insulation is not recommended for a number of reasons. Asphalt shingles
Read more →Many types of roofing permit the application of a coating for a variety of reasons, such as increasing solar reflectivity, resisting biological growth, improving impact resistance, or increasing roof life. However, ARMA strongly advises against the application of any type of field-applied coating over installed asphalt shingles.
Read more →Self-adhering bituminous membranes have been used as underlayments in steep slope (greater than 2:12) roofing for many years. When applied as an underlayment, they are primarily used to help prevent water entry from ice dams at the eave areas of shingled roofs in cold climates. When used
Read more →Snow and ice accumulation on steep-slope roofs can lead to ice dams at the roof eaves. Ice dams are typically formed by the repeated thawing and freezing of melting snow or backing up of frozen slush in gutters. When ice dams occur, water can be forced under
Read more →Defines the maximum slope for normal shingle application and suggests different installation methods for slopes beyond that maximum. Over the last few years, architectural design trends have resulted in radical departures from normally accepted roofing concepts. Roof slopes, especially in mansard design, have been increased to the
Read more →For many years, roof discoloration caused by algae has been observed throughout the United States and Canada. The discoloration usually has a brown to black appearance, and may be mistaken for fungus growth, soot, dirt, moss, or tree droppings. Gloeocapsa magma is probably the most prevalent of
Read more →The International Building Code (IBC) and the International Residential Building Code (IRC) require that roofing nails be utilized to fasten asphalt shingles. Proper nailing is essential to good performance. To ensure proper nailing during shingle application it is required that you follow the IBC and IRC nail
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